On-line hand-drawn electric circuit diagram recognition using 2D dynamic programming

9 pagesInternational audienceIn order to facilitate sketch recognition, most online existing works assume that people will not start to draw a new symbol before the current one has been finished. We propose in this paper a method that relaxes this constraint. The proposed methodology relies on a two-dimensional dynamic programming (2D-DP) technique allowing symbol hypothesis generation, which can correctly segment and recognize interspersed symbols. In addition, as discriminative classifiers usually have limited capability to reject outliers, some domain specific knowledge is included to circumvent those errors due to untrained patterns corresponding to erroneous segmentation hypotheses. With a point-level measurement, the experiment shows that the proposed novel approach is able to achieve an accuracy of more than 90 percent

Dynamic user modeling for sketch-based user interface. LNCS 3942

Abstract. This paper presents a strategy of dynamic user modeling for sketchbased user interface. A user model is defined as an incremental decision tree for a specific user. A drawing style modeling process is designed to model user’s temporal drawing performances among inputting strokes, and to predict the possible shape in term of fuzzy matching. A user mediation process is proposed based on relevance feedback to capture users ’ drawing intentions and refine the recognition results. Experiments prove efficiency of the method.

First Experiments on a new Online Handwritten Flowchart Database

International audienceWe propose in this paper a new online handwritten flowchart database and perform some first experiments to have a baseline benchmark on this dataset. The collected database consists of 78 flowcharts labeled at the stroke and symbol levels. In addition, an isolated database of graphical and text symbols was extracted from these collected flowcharts. Then, we tackle the problem of online handwritten flowchart recognition from two different points of view. Firstly, we consider that flowcharts are correctly segmented, and we propose different classifiers to perform two tasks, text/non-text separation and graphical symbol recognition. Tested with the extracted isolated test database, we achieve up to 99% and 96% in text/non-text separation and up to 81.3% in graphical symbols recognition. Secondly, we propose a global approach to perform flowchart segmentation and recognition. For this latter, we adopt a global learning schema and a recognition architecture that considers a simultaneous segmentation and recognition. Global architecture is trained and tested directly with flowcharts. Results show the interest of such global approach, but regarding the complexity of flowchart segmentation problem, there is still lot of space to improve the global learning and recognition method

Human CD8+CD28− T Suppressor Cells Expanded by IL-15 In Vitro Suppress in an Allospecific and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1-Dependent Manner

CD8+CD28− T suppressor cells (Ts) have been recently documented to play an important role in alloimmunity. Therefore, understanding and optimizing the conditions under which these cells are generated and/or expanded would greatly facilitate further research and potential clinical use. In this study, we describe rapid expansion of human allospecific CD8+CD28− Ts cells through coculture of CD8+ T cells with human leukocyte antigen-mismatched donor antigen-presenting cells plus IL-15 in a relative short period of time in vitro. Interestingly, IL-15 promotes the expansion of CD8+CD28− Ts cells through several parallel mechanisms. The expanded CD8+CD28− Ts cells upregulate expression of CD132, CD25, and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), but downregulate expression of CD122, GZM-B, and perforin, while exhibiting no cytotoxicity. Most importantly, the expanded CD8+CD28− Ts cells vigorously inhibit CD4+ T cells proliferation in a contact-dependent and donor-specific manner both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the co-inhibitory molecules PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 play an obligatory role in the mechanisms of CD8+CD28− Ts cells suppression. Taken together, our study report novel methodology for IL-15-induced expansion of human CD8+CD28− Ts cells and possible mechanisms. These findings may facilitate understanding of transplant rejection and promote clinical application of CD8+CD28− Ts cell-based strategies for inducing and monitoring transplant tolerance in the future

Data_Sheet_1_Human CD8+CD28− T Suppressor Cells Expanded by IL-15 In Vitro Suppress in an Allospecific and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1-Dependent Manner.docx

<p>CD8⁺CD28⁻ T suppressor cells (Ts) have been recently documented to play an important role in alloimmunity. Therefore, understanding and optimizing the conditions under which these cells are generated and/or expanded would greatly facilitate further research and potential clinical use. In this study, we describe rapid expansion of human allospecific CD8⁺CD28⁻ Ts cells through coculture of CD8⁺ T cells with human leukocyte antigen-mismatched donor antigen-presenting cells plus IL-15 in a relative short period of time in vitro. Interestingly, IL-15 promotes the expansion of CD8⁺CD28⁻ Ts cells through several parallel mechanisms. The expanded CD8⁺CD28⁻ Ts cells upregulate expression of CD132, CD25, and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), but downregulate expression of CD122, GZM-B, and perforin, while exhibiting no cytotoxicity. Most importantly, the expanded CD8⁺CD28⁻ Ts cells vigorously inhibit CD4⁺ T cells proliferation in a contact-dependent and donor-specific manner both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the co-inhibitory molecules PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 play an obligatory role in the mechanisms of CD8⁺CD28⁻ Ts cells suppression. Taken together, our study report novel methodology for IL-15-induced expansion of human CD8⁺CD28⁻ Ts cells and possible mechanisms. These findings may facilitate understanding of transplant rejection and promote clinical application of CD8⁺CD28⁻ Ts cell-based strategies for inducing and monitoring transplant tolerance in the future.</p